Nanocellulose and its derivative materials for energy and environmental applications
Résumé
The application of biomass-derived renewable materials has generated great interest in recent research works. Among many such biopolymers, nanocellulose has become the leading topic in the sphere of sustainable material owing to the outstanding mechanical, chemical and thermal properties along with non-toxicity, surface functionality, ease of modification and sustainability. Nanocellulose is often considered to be a second-generation renewable resource and a better replacement for conventional petroleum-based products with or without any modifications. Even though some reviews have reported on some of the applications of nanocellulose, so far there is no comprehensive report gathering the extraction, properties, functionalization towards energy and environmental applications. This review aims to present the use of nanocellulose based materials for energy and environmental challenges. Important characteristics such as crystallinity, hydrophilicity, thermal decomposition and surface charge are described as a function of the targeted applications. In the latter part of this review, we have looked into the recent studies in the area of applications such as air pollution, heavy metal sorption, dye adsorption, biosensors, EMI shielding, fuel cell, solar cell, lithium-ion batteries and biofuels etc. However, a green, sustainable and scalable nanocellulose extraction is yet to be fulfilled. In our view, the bacterial nanocellulose based approach can address all these issues with the added advantage of producing a very high purity of nanocellulose. Hence this review is intended to provide new insights into the field of eco-friendly functional materials with included in-depth perspectives about nanocellulose and its future based on the current research trends.
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